These brain tumors are a type of glioma. They are named after the cells from which they originate, oligodendrocytes. Oligodendroglioma are most commonly seen in patients in their forties, but are also occasionally found in children. Oligodendrogliomas account for about 4% of all primary brain tumors. They are frequently found as mixed oligo-astrocytomas.
SYMPTOMS
The most common symptom of an oligodendroglioma is new onset of seizures. This occurs in anywhere from 50-80% of cases. These brain tumors tend to be located in the frontal lobes of the brain where they can cause personality changes or weakness on the opposite side of the body. Fast growing tumors can cause increased pressure in the head that can cause headaches, nausea and vomiting.
DIAGNOSIS
As always, a careful history and physical examination are the first steps in diagnosis. A CT scan or better yet, an MRI performed without and with intravenous contrast enhancement is the next step.
TREATMENT
Surgical removal of as much tumor as is it is safe to do is the first step in treatment. Frequently chemotherapy will follow surgery. Radiation therapy may also be used. These tumors can recur and recurrence may be treated with further surgery, chemotherapy and possibly stereotactic radiosurgery.