The glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant brain tumors. These tumors are a form of astrocytoma. These tumors can spread within the brain and spinal cord. They have also been known to spread outside of the nervous system though this is very rare. The mean age when these tumors are discovered is in patients in their mid-fifties. They are more common in men than women. These tumors tend to grow quickly and produce symptoms earlier than the lower grade asytrocytomas.
SYMPTOMS
Due to the rapid growth of the glioblastoma multiforme, the first symptoms often are related to increased pressure in the skull. Headache is common, seizures may occur, changes in personality and weakness that might be mistaken for a stroke can all occur.
DIAGNOSIS
While a careful history and physical examination are the first step in diagnosis, imaging studies are the next most important step. CT scanning and MRI scanning are both good methods to demonstrate the presence of a tumor. The MRI gives more information. In both cases the scans should be done without and with intravenous contrast enhancement.
TREATMENT
Surgery to remove as much tumor as safely possible is the usual first step in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Occasionally, the location of the tumor or the age of the patient lead the surgeon away from major surgery and towards a biopsy. Radiation therapy almost always follows surgery. Chemotherapy may also be used. Occasionally stereotactic radiosurgery is used to try to treat residual tumor. These tumors frequently recur despite all of the above treatments. Depending on the individual case, re-operation, further chemotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery might be used to slow tumor growth.