Teratoma is the most common primary brain tumor seen in newborn children. It is more common in males. This is a form of germ cell tumor. The teratoma accounts for about 20% of germ cell tumors. They tend to be found in one of two locations: above the pituitary gland in an area called the suprasellar region and in the pineal region.
SYMPTOMS
The brain tumors in the suprasellar region can present with visual problems and or developmental delay. The pineal region brain tumors can cause blockage of spinal fluid with hydrocephalus as a result. This can show up as headache, nausea and vomiting. Hydrocephalus can also cause lethargy or coma.
DIAGNOSIS
As always, the first steps in diagnosis are a careful history and physical examination. CT or better yet, MRI scanning performed without and with intravenous contrast enhancement is the next step.
TREATMENT
Treatment depends on the presentation. Hydrocephalus might require a shunt or a temporary external drain. Surgery to try to remove the tumor is an important step in treatment. Radiation therapy may be used after surgery. In children under the age of three years, chemotherapy might be used instead of radiation.